When Henry VIII died in 1547 his son, Edward VI, was still too young to ascend the throne. Edward Seymour, the boy's ambitious and successful uncle, seized this opportunity and had himself created Lord Protector and Duke of Somerset. The new Duke and Protector, "desirous of possessing a residence suitable to his high rank", was determined to build himself a palace.
The Duke already owned land on a prime site between the Thames and the Strand and it was here that he began building his great mansion, Somerset House, in 1547. Although he had commissioned one of the most influential buildings of the English Renaissance, the Duke had little opportunity to enjoy Somerset House. In 1551 his opponents had him arrested and tried for the much more serious crime of treason. This time there was no escape. The Duke of Somerset, Lord Protector of England, was executed on Tower Hill in January 1552.
After this, Somerset House saw many Kings and Queens and great institutions and then at the time of Henry VIII, this was the start of when records of births, marriages, and deaths were kept there. In 1836 the General Register Office was created to set up a comprehensive system for the registration of Births, Marriages and Deaths and appoint the first Registrar General based at Somerset House. It was not until 1970, after slightly less than a century and a half at Somerset House, that the General Register Office moved out.The Principal Probate Registry relocated to Somerset House in 1874 which was where all wills, either originals or copies, had to be registered. The wills of many famous historical figures were among them.
Shakespeare's will made various provisions including the following: "In the name of God Amen I William Shakespeare of Stratford upon Avon give unto my wife my second best bed with the furniture". Jane Austen's will is there and Napoleon's will was kept there until it was returned to France.Stamp duty on documents, including newspapers, was only one of many revenue-raising methods administered by the Stamp Office, one of the government departments which moved to the new Somerset House in 1789.
In 1834 the Stamp Office united with the Affairs of Taxes and in 1849 Stamps and Taxes joined the Excise to form a new Board of Inland Revenue.
The Board of Inland Revenue occupied the east and west wings of Somerset House until 2011.
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